Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Nikethamide Alleviates Low SpO2 during Gastrointestinal Endoscopy under Total Intravenous Anesthesia with Propofol Combined with Sufentanil: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ABSTRACT
Background: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy under Total Intravenous Anesthesia (GETIVA) is used for gastroin- testinal disease investigation. Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and opioids is usually applied but could result in respiratory depression or low oxygen saturation. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of nikethamide (respiratory stimulant) for alleviating low oxygen saturation induced by combined propofol and sufentanil use during GETIVA.