Open Access Research Article Oncology

Immunohistochemical Expression of MSH2 and MLH1 and Their Correlation with Histological Grades of Colorectal Carcinoma at Uganda Cancer Institute

Mutale Geoffrey1, 3*
Wasswa Hassan1, 2, Amadile Lawrence1, 4, Nuwashaba Nicholas1, 5 Atwine Raymond1, and Ssedyabane Frank1

Abstract: Background: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a rising health challenge in Uganda. The mismatch repair (MMR) system, particularly MSH2 and MLH1, plays a critical role in maintaining genomic stability; defects contribute to CRC development. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a cost-effective method for detecting MMR protein expression in CRC tissues and aids diagnosis and treatment. Study design........

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Open Access Review Article Immunology

Humanization of Laboratory Mice for HIV Research: Current Methods and Perspectives

Andrey Akinin*

Abstract: Relevance of the Topic Studying the pathogenesis of HIV infection and developing novel therapeutic strategies require adequate preclinical models that replicate key aspects of viral interaction with the human immune system. Traditional models, such as primates or transgenic animals, face significant limitations, including high costs, ethical concerns, and insufficient accuracy in mimicking human immune responses (Dash PK et al., 2021, Bennett MS, Akkina R, 2013). In this context, humanized mice, created by transplanting human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or tissues into immunodeficient mice, have emerged as revolutionary tools. These models enable the study of HIV infection in vivo, including latent reservoirs, immune responses, and the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) (Zhang C et al., 2023, Baroncini L et al., 2023)........

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Open Access Review Article Cancer

Lactylation: A Pivotal Metabolic-Epigenetic Nexus Driving Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Resistance

Dengwang Chen1#, Xinyue Jiang1#,Linna Wei2*
Zudi Meng3*
Dongmei Li4*

Abstract: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) remains a formidable global health challenge, characterized by its complex etiology, aggressive progression, and high mortality rates. Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, and lactate, a key end-product of glycolysis, has emerged as more than just a metabolic waste product. Recent groundbreaking research has unveiled lactate’s role as a signaling molecule through a novel Post-Translational Modification (PTM) known as lactylation. Protein........

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Open Access Review Article Ecology

Socio-economic Impacts of Ecosystem Service Degradation in Southern Ecological Zone of Taraba State Nigeria

Shamaki Rimamnyang Ayina1, Emeka Daniel Oruonye1*
Joshua, Ma’aku Mark2, Benjamin Ezekiel Bwadi1

Abstract: The degradation of ecosystem services poses a critical threat to rural livelihoods and socio-economic stability in resource-dependent regions of sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigates the perceived socio-economic impacts of ecosystem service decline across five Local Government Areas (LGAs); Bali, Gashaka, Sardauna, Takum, and Ussa—in the Southern Ecological Zone of Taraba State, Nigeria. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 450 randomly sampled households using a structured questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale, complemented by 15 key informant interviews. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and thematic analysis were utilized to analyze the data.........

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