Corrections and Retractions

The Global Open Access Journal of Science (GOAJS) takes the integrity of the academic record seriously. In cases of suspected misconduct, fraud, or improper behavior, GOAJS will initiate an investigation in accordance with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines.

If the investigation confirms ethical concerns or errors, the authors will be notified via their registered email and provided the opportunity to respond. Based on the findings, the journal may take one or more of the following actions:

• If the manuscript is under review, it may be rejected and returned to the authors.
• If already published, an erratum or correction may be issued for minor issues.
• An editor’s note or expression of concern may be added in cases of uncertainty or ongoing investigation.
• For severe ethical violations or proven misconduct, the article may be formally retracted.

All corrective notices (e.g., errata, editorial notes, or retractions) will clearly state the reason for the action. Retracted articles will remain accessible but will be clearly watermarked as "Retracted", with a linked explanation included.

Removal of Published Content

In rare and exceptional cases, GOAJS may permanently remove published content from its online platform. Removal may occur under the following conditions:

• Violation of intellectual property rights or infringement of privacy or legal rights.
• Unlawful or illegal content based on court decisions or government mandates.
• Undisclosed conflicts of interest discovered after publication.
• Verified evidence of serious ethical misconduct, including falsified data or fake authorship.
• Content that poses an immediate and significant threat to public health or safety.
• Submission through unauthorized third-party services or impersonation of individuals.
• Manipulation of the peer review process or use of forged acceptance letters.

When content is removed, the bibliographic metadata will be retained to preserve the academic record, along with a public statement explaining the reason for removal.